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Daido DRM2

Steel Glossary

Daido DRM2

Material info
Chemical composition %
C Si Mn Cr Mo W V
Typical analysis wt.-% 0.6 0.3 0.5 5.5 2.4 1.0 1.0
Treatment temperatures hardness
Hot forming Annealing Hardening Tempering Annealed hardened
(please inquire) 800 - 880°C
slow cooling (≤ 20°C/min)		 1,050 - 1,120°C
Cooling in oil, gas or salt bath		 550 - 620°C
min. 2x tempering, air cooling 		≤ 235 HBW 58 - 62 HRC
Physical properties
Thermal expansion coefficient [10-6/K] 20 - 100°C 20 - 200°C 20 - 300°C 20 - 400°C 20 - 500°C 20 - 600°C 20 - 700°C 20 - 800°C
11.0 11.4 11.8 12.1 12.3 12.6 12.4 12.9
Thermal conductivity [W/mK] 25°C 200°C 300°C 400°C 500°C 600°C 700°C
23.3 26.9 27.9 29.0 28.8 29.2 29.6
specific heat [J/kgK] 458 518 555 598 659 756 910

Young's modulus = 210,000 MPa, Specimen hardened at 1,120°C, 2x tempered at 560°C

Microstructure

DRM2

(in the center of the bar ∅ 100 mm)

Microstructure of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality in bar center Ø 100mm Microscopic image: Optimized matrix structure of high-speed steel DRM2 in the center of a 100mm bar 25 µm

Microstructure

Conventional HSS

(Daido)

Microstructure of a conventional high-speed steel for comparison Microscopic image: Microstructure of a conventional high-speed steel from Daido with typical carbide distribution 25 µm

Tempering treatment

Specimen: square bar 15 mm, Oil quenching, tempering with air cooling

Tempering diagram for DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality The diagram shows the hardness (HRC) of steel DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality as a function of tempering temperature. ≈ 1,100°C (rec.) 1,120°C conv. HSS (1,100°C) 520 540 560 580 600 Tempering temp. [°C], double tempered, each hardness [HRC] 70 65 60 55 50 as quenched

Impact toughness

Specimens: taken from bar steel, in the center of ∅ 100 mm, U-notched specimen

Impact toughness diagram of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality The diagram compares the toughness (J/cm²) of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality with conventional high-speed steel as a function of hardness (HRC). hardness [HRC] Impact toughness [J/cm2] 200 150 100 50 0 56 58 60 62 64 DRM2 (Long. dir.) DRM2 (Transv. dir.) conv. HSS (Long. dir.) conv. HSS (Transv. dir.)
Heat treatment
Hardening Tempering
DRM2 1,120°C, oil hardened 540 - 600°C, double tempered
conventional HSS 1,120°C, oil hardened 540 - 600°C, double tempered

Fire crack resistance

 

Fire crack resistance diagram of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality A bar chart showing the number of cracks after thermal cycles for DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality compared to steel 1.3343. DRM2 (62HRC) conv. HSS (61HRC) Maximum crack length [μm] 60 0 10 20 30 40 50
Heat treatment
Hardening Tempering
DRM2 1,120°C, oil hardened 560°C, double tempered
conventional HSS 1,140°C, oil hardened 560°C, double tempered
Test method Induction heating 20 ↔ 700°C (1,000 cycles)

Fatigue strength / Material fatigue

Specimens: from the center of a bar steel ∅ 100 mm

Wöhler curve for fatigue strength of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality Wöhler diagram showing bending stress versus number of load cycles for DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality compared to conventional high-speed steel. → → → Spannung [MPa] 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 Load cycles to failure 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 DRM2 (62HRC) conv. HSS (61HRC)
Heat treatment
Hardening Tempering
DRM2 (62 HRC) 1,120°C, oil hardened 560°C, double tempered
conventional HSS 1,140°C, oil hardened 560°C, double tempered
Test method Wöhler test at room temperature

Hardenability

Influence of cooling rate on toughness

Hardenability diagram: Impact toughness of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality The diagram shows the impact toughness of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality as a function of hardness. Impact toughness [J/mm2] U-notched specimen Cooling rate[°C/min] 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 10 10 2 10 3
Hardenability diagram: Tempering hardness of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality The diagram shows the tempering hardness of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality after hardening. Equivalent diameter at 6 bar Gas quenching [mm] Tempering hardness [HRC] 65 60 55 400 300 200 100
Heat treatment
Hardening Tempering
DRM2 1,120°C, 200°C/min
equivalent to oil hardening		 560°C, double tempered

Dimensional change during hardening

Specimens: bar steel ∅ 36 mm x 60 mm Length

Dimensional change diagram of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality during hardening The diagram shows the percentage length and diameter change of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality after hardening in salt bath. 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 relative dimensional change [%] 0.5 0.4 0.3 ashardened Tempering temp. [°C], double tempered 520 540 560 580 600 620 Lateral/Long. dir. Radial/Diam. dir.
Heat treatment
Hardening
DRM2 1,120°C,
hardened in salt bath

Temper resistance

Specimens: bar steel ∅ 100 mm x 60 mm Length

Tempering resistance diagram of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality The diagram shows the tempering resistance of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality. ≈ hardened &tempered 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 1 10 Holding time at 650°C [h] hardness [HRC] DRM2 conv. HSS
Heat treatment
Hardening Tempering
DRM2 1,120°C,
oil hardened		 580°C, double tempered
conventional HSS 1,120°C,
oil hardened		 610°C, double tempered

Hot hardness

 

Hot hardness of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality The diagram shows the hot hardness (HRC) of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality at elevated temperatures in comparison to conventional high-speed steel. 0 200 400 600 800 800 700 600 500 400 300 hardness [HRC] Test temperature [°C] DRM2 conv. HSS
Heat treatment
Hardening Tempering
DRM2 1,120°C,
oil hardened		 560°C, double tempered
conventional HSS 1,120°C,
oil hardened		 560°C, double tempered

Hardening process

Salt bath

Hardening process in salt bath for DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality Diagram of the recommended hardening process in salt bath for DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality. The process includes preheating stages, austenitizing, quenching and tempering. 1,200 1,100 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 20 30min. 10min. 20min. 5-10min. 2-3h 2-3h Time 1,100°C 1,050°C 830°C 500°C 550°C - 620°C 550°C - 620°C achievable hardness 58 - 62 HRC air cooling air cooling Temperature [°C] 30 - 40 30 - 40 20 - 25 16 - 20 10 - 16 8 - 10 above 100 to 100 to 60 to 37,5 to 25 to 12 Hold. times[min.] Thickness[mm] rec. hold. times Transformation temperatures: AC1 = 830°C; Ms = 175°C rec. hardening temperature DRM2 = 1,050 - 1,120°C

Vacuum

Hardening process in vacuum for DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality Diagram of the recommended hardening process in vacuum furnace for DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality. 1,200 1,100 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 20 Temperature [°C] 30min. 30-90min. 2-3h Time 950°C 1100°C 550°C - 620°C 550°C - 620°C achievable hardness 58 - 62 HRC air cooling air cooling Gas quenchingmin. 6 bar 2-3h rec. hold. times Thickness[mm] Hold. times[min.] to 60 to 100and above 20 - 30per 25mmThickness 10 - 20per 25mmThickness Transformation temperatures: AC1 = 830°C; Ms = 175°C rec. hardening temperature DRM2 = 1,050 - 1,120°C

Salt bath

Mobile diagram of the recommended hardening process in salt bath for DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality Simplified diagram of the recommended hardening process in salt bath. 1,200 100 20 Time 1,100°C 1,050°C 830°C 550°C - 620°C 550°C - 620°C achievable hardness 58 - 62 HRC Temperature [°C] 500°C air- cooling air- cooling 30min. 10min. 20min. 5-10min. 2-3h 2-3h

Transformation temperatures AC1= 830°C; Ms = 175°C
recommended hardening temperature DRM2 = 1,050 - 1,120°C

recommended holding times
Thickness
[mm]		Holding times
[min.]
to 128 - 10
to 2510 - 16
to 37.516 - 20
to 6020 - 25
to 10030 - 40
above 10030 - 40

Vacuum

Mobile diagram of the recommended hardening process in vacuum for DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality Simplified diagram of the recommended hardening process in vacuum furnace. 1,200 100 20 Temperature [°C] Time 950°C 1,100°C 550°C - 620°C 550°C - 620°C achievable hardness 58 - 62 HRC air cooling air cooling Gas quenching min. 6 bar 2-3h 30min. 30-90min. 2-3h

Transformation temperatures AC1= 830°C; Ms = 175°C
recommended hardening temperature DRM2 = 1,050 - 1,120°C

recommended holding times
Thickness
[mm]		Holding times
[min.]
to 6020 - 30
per 25 mm
Thickness
to 100
and above		10 - 20
per 25 mm
Thickness

Nitriding

Nitriding of matrix high-speed steel DRM2 Microscopic image: Microstructure of a nitrided surface after the PS process from Daido Amistar 200 µm

Example of the microstructure of a nitrided surface after the PS process from Daido Amistar.

Hardness distribution after nitriding

Hardness distribution of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality after nitriding The diagram shows the hardness distribution (HV) as a function of distance from surface (mm) after nitriding of steel DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality. Hardness distribution 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 hardness (HV 0,1) Distance from surface [mm] 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0

The surface hardness reaches here 1,250 HV with NHD = 0.2 mm.

Drillability

Specimens: bar steel ∅ 100 mm x 60 mm Length

Drillability diagram of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality The diagram shows the drillability of DRM2 Matrix high-speed steel in ESR quality. Cutting speed [m/min.] Cutting length [mm] 10 10 2 10 3 10 4 100 1 10 Material grade: as annealed, Tool: NACHI SD (uncoated) ø5mm, Cylindrical shank drill, Feed: 0,15mm/U, Drilling depth: 20mm, Coolant: without DRM2 conv. HSS

The values given are always representative technical values based on our investigations. Unless otherwise stated, they do not constitute guarantees. Please consult us for individual cases.

Material info

Available products made of this grade:

Downloads

Daido DRM2

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